Understanding Culture Society and Politics

ARES AND APPOLLO Section of EIM

Please paki sagot sa online pre-test of Understanding Culture Society and Politics. Magsimula ang online Pretest mamayang 8:30 PM ng Saturday 21 June 2025.

EIM SORRY WALA PA NAG DAGAN ANG SYSTEM FOR ONLINE TEST, PWEDE PAMAN INI BUWAS>>> SORRY …

UCSP typically refers to Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics, a core subject in the Philippine senior high school curriculum. It’s a multidisciplinary course that explores human cultures, social structures, and political systems, aiming to develop students’ social and cultural awareness and competence. The subject draws from the social sciences, including anthropology, sociology, and political science, to provide a comprehensive understanding of human societies and their complexities.

What is Culture? Culture refers to the shared beliefs, practices, customs, values, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society. It encompasses everything from language, religion, and traditions to art, food, and social norms. Culture shapes how people perceive the world, interact with each other, and solve problems.

Kinds of Culture

1. Material Culture – Refers to physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture, such as buildings, art, tools, and technology.

2.Non-Material – Culture Includes the intangible aspects of culture, such as values, beliefs, norms, language, customs, and traditions.

3. Popular Culture – Refers to mainstream, widespread cultural elements that are shared by a large group of people, often influenced by media and technology.

4. Folk Culture – Encompasses traditional practices and customs that are passed down through generations, often specific to a localized community.

5. High Culture – Refers to cultural products and activities that are associated with elite or educated groups, such as classical music, fine arts, and literature.

6. Subculture – A smaller cultural group within a larger one, characterized by unique values, practices, and beliefs that distinguish it from the mainstream.

7. Counterculture – A type of subculture that actively opposes the norms and values of the dominant culture.

Why we study CULTURE?

Social Cohesion
It provides insights into the shared values and norms that unify societies, promoting harmony and cooperation.
Personal Growth
Studying culture broadens our worldview, challenging preconceived notions and encouraging critical thinking.
Historical Insight
Culture offers a lens through which we can study historical events, societal changes, and human development.

Understanding Diversity
Studying culture helps us appreciate the diversity of human experiences and perspectives, fostering mutual respect and tolerance.
Enhancing Communication
Learning about different cultures improves communication and reduces misunderstandings in an increasingly globalized world.
Preserving Heritage
Understanding culture helps preserve traditions, languages, and practices that define a community or society.

What is Society? Society is a group of individuals who share a common culture, values, norms, and institutions, and interact with one another within a defined geographical or social space. It provides a framework for social organization and collective living. Societies are built on relationships, social structures, and institutions such as family, education, government, and religion.

Characteristics of Society

  • Social Structure: Composed of organized patterns of relationships and institutions.
  • Common Culture: Shared values, customs, and norms that guide behavior.
  • Interdependence: Members rely on each other for survival, emotional connection, and resources.
  • Dynamic Nature: Societies evolve over time due to technological, cultural, and political changes.
  • Social Institutions: Systems such as education, government, and religion that maintain order and meet societal needs.

Who is the Father of Society?
Auguste Comte (1798–1857) – Known as the Father of Sociology, Comte is credited with establishing sociology as a systematic study of society. He introduced the idea of applying scientific methods to social phenomena and emphasized the need for order and progress in society.
Aristotle (384–322 BCE)
Father of Political Science, Aristotle is considered one of the earliest thinkers to analyze society and governance. His ideas about humans as “social animals” laid the foundation for understanding the importance of society.
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) Known for applying evolutionary theory to society, Spencer coined the phrase “survival of the fittest” and contributed significantly to understanding social dynamics.

By Level of Technological Development: This is a classic approach, often used in sociology and anthropology.

Hunter-Gatherer Societies: These are the oldest type of human society, relying on hunting animals and gathering plants for sustenance. They are typically small, nomadic groups with little social stratification.
Pastoral Societies: These societies rely on the domestication of animals for food and other resources. They are often semi-nomadic, moving their herds to find pasture.
Agricultural Societies: These societies cultivate crops for food, leading to settled communities and increased population density. This often results in more complex social structures and hierarchies.
Industrial Societies: These societies use advanced technology and machinery to produce goods, leading to mass production, urbanization, and significant social and economic changes.
Post-Industrial Societies: These are societies where the economy shifts from manufacturing to service industries and information technology. Knowledge and information become primary resources.